Aliens Essay -- essays research papers

For over a thousand years people study report seeing strange objects flying in the riff. Today the unknown flying objects -UFOs continue to visit us, on a regular basis. A large totality of recorded historical answers of this issue have taken place to give the subject of UFOs recognition. Recently, many individuals have claimed to witness or be part of strange stories that attract some while are turned away. Videotapes, photographs and pieces of physical evidence do support some of these stories. Even more frightening, small objects called implants have been prove in the bodies of some people that have reported strange sightings or encounters with strange objects. Once one begins to put it all together, the history, stories, claims, and evidence that science is to studying, the righteousness has come clear. We are non alone aliens do existDifferent cultures throughout the world have historical events, in their histories that are very some(prenominal) similar to what we call a UFO today. The oldest recorded sighting belongs to Thutmose, Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt around 1500 (BC) A circle of fire coming in the sky It had no head the breath of its mouth had a foul odor. Its body was one rod (16.5ft5m) long and one rod wide. It had no voice. (Brookesmith, 13). Days after this, the hail of objects increased it was said that, these things became more numerous in the sky than ever. They shone more in the sky than the brightness of the sun, and extended to the limits of the four supports of the heavens (Brookesmith, 13). What could shine in the sky more than the sun? These ancient events did occur thousands of years before todays world of technology and modern aircraft. This supports the fact that these UFOs were that, Unknown flight Objects. In the past they had to deal with this any way they could, some cultures used religion and the Bible. There are certain passages in the Bible that could be translated as being sightings of UFOs. In Exodus Chapter 13, ve rses 21-22, the lord went before them by day in a pillar of a cloud, to lead them the way and by iniquity in a pillar of fire, to give them light to go by day and night. (Brookesmith,13). This can be translated to the following as I translate it, it seems exchangeable these people were being led by a craft that lit up the night for them. This is a very convincing UFO description. Such an event at that time could only be inter... ... be ignored proves that highly educated people are taking this seriously.That strange has now been seen in the sky for a very long time. Intelligent, honorable people have seen UFOs and reported them. High-ranking intelligence officers of the militarys first nuclear bomb squadron have recovered and examined what they believed to be a flying saucer and parts of it. After shipping it to higher headquarters their general tells them its not a flying saucer or UFO. Of all objects it is reported to be what seems like anyone could have identified a weather ba lloon People who have observed UFOs and reported missing time afterwards only to find out later that they became unwittingly extraterrestrial specimens. Surgeons are removing shady iron alloy metal objects from these peoples bodies. Some of these objects moving away from the surgeons scalpel Doctors have tested alleged UFO jam material and claimed that it should be considered extraterrestrial in origin. Ranchers cattle are being mutilated with laser like tools before lasers were commercially available. All these reports play up to one a very disturbing conclusion, which worries me and should do so to everyone else.

Girl interrupted Essay -- essays research papers fc

Rory Boyan Writing 104/19/02Con sidering all the treatment methods used at Mclean Hospital, harsh physical treatments were rarely productive. Methods such as seclusion, ice-baths, Electro-shock therapy, and as yet the Hospitals atmosphere itself can nock one wonder how anyone came out of there better than they went in. It seems odd that people teetering on the edge of sanity were subjected to such imposing treatments. Although such treatments sometimes worked, it in no way outweighs the horrible side effects that usually happen.One of these treatments is seclusion. It is as simple as it sounds but the side effects were not. Not only are the patients totally alone for however many days the guards cute, but they are stripped of basically everything they have pull clothing. It is more of a punishment than a treatment. If a patient acts out in any way or ran away for a day or two, off to seclusion they would go. When taking mentally unstable patients and putting them in solitary c onfinement all they can do is sit there and mean crazy thoughts so when they come out they were usually like zombies. One of the worst things we watched, though, was Lisa coming out of seclusion two days later. (Page 21). How can that servicing anyone?Another type of treatment used is wrapping a patient in freezing cold sheets. It is possible, by a far stretch of the imagination, this could be used to calm down patients. If hypothermia is what made people sane, this should do the trick. The last thing about this is that, when the body gets cold, the immune system get weaker. It seems like they wanted patients to get physically sick too maybe the nurses get commission on medication.The worst treatment used is electro shock therapy, also known as ECT. This is when one is shocked by strong amounts of electricity, repeatedly, for however long the doctors decided to keep the patients there. There are a few incidences when ECT actually worked and altogether cured a patient, but these w ere few and far between the truth of the treatment is much worse. In fact... ...er. After all the hel, these people were put by dint of freedom seemed all the much better. It seems that after being there, anything is better than hospital life. Think of it this way, starve a man half to death, feed him nothing but bread and water, then give him a Ritz cracker. That will be the best cracker that man has ever eaten. On the opposite end of the spectrum you give a person Ritz Crackers everyday for the rest of his life, and he will despise them. The Hospital did not treat people as much as it did make them appreciate the society they were locked off from. This is why hospitals like this can thrive the only treatment they have is appreciation for the life they take away from a patient.WORKS CITED PAGEQuote 1- Page 21-FREEDOM- Girl, InterruptedQuote 2- Page 80-SECURITY SCREEN-Girl, InterruptedQuote 3 Page 54-CHECKS-Girl, InterruptedGirl, Interrupted- By Susanna Kaysen Copyright 1993 orig inally published by Turtle Bay Books, A Division of Random House, INC, NY 1993Web Pages. www.antipsychiatry.org Article on------- Psychiatrys Electro-convulsive Shock treatmentA Crime Against Humanity ---Lawrence Stevens, J.D

Neural Vision System :: Essays Papers

Neural Vision SystemResearchers at the University of Houston in Texas have developed a neural vision frame that allows a robot to adapt to a changing world. The machine is designed to explore, experience (for better or worse) and then make future decisions based on that experience typical behavior for any neural device. What is unusual is its ability to learn new tricks if the rules it learned through experience no longer apply. In both simulated and hardware experiments, the robot was shown to be able to post objects correctly, even if the value associated with them changed over time. Neural meshs are computing devices based on the way our own brains work. They consist of many, usually simple, processing elements that are wired together in parallel. Un wish conventional computers, which are based on algorithms or rules to be followed in order to produce a result, neural networks act as adaptive filters. They are trained by feeding them inputs and the correct answers to those inpu ts. This entropy changes the way the network is connected so that the next similar input can produce a similar correct output. One of the issues that neural network designers have been struggling with over the years is how to structure the neural network without prejudging the situations that it is going to encounter. Other methods of creating artificial intelligence, such as building in so-called behaviors or creating expert systems, have the disadvantage of generally requiring some knowledge about the world before they start. In behavioral robots (those that have an automatic, preprogrammed response to stimuli from the after-school(prenominal) world), that knowledge can be hard wired, whereas, in the expert system case, the knowledge is contained in the software. Engineers Ramkrishna Prakash and Haluk gmen wanted, instead, for their robot to be able to learn on the navigate the way people do, adapting as circumstances changed. The solution they came up with is the neural-netwo rk architecture, called frontal. Basically, the network allows a robot (in this case a robot arm with video cameras for eyes) to identify new objects and decide whether to pick them up, and learn from its previous good and bad decisions. The first part of the system (labeled spatial novelty) is an array of so-called gated dipoles, each of which addresses a different area in the robots field of view. The gated dipoles basically performs a comparison between the incoming information about that point in space and what it was like previously.

Campus in the Sky :: Personal Narrative Education College Essays

Campus in the SkyWhen I was 18 I moved out of my parents house into what most would determine a dainty two sleeping accommodation apartment with a friend. To me it was a kingly palace because it was mine. A dishwasher that didnt work, a room so sm all in all that my bed barely fit, and bathroom I had trouble turning around in without running into a wall. Still, it was my own, and that was all that mattered. I worked a 9-5 ancestry, scraping either penny to drum by. It took two days for me to realize that there had to be something better. I wanted a better life, a better education, and a job that would not just pay my bills, moreover give me mental satisfaction as well. It was then, at the age of 20 that I decided to pack my bags and get an education.I considered it a new egress to my life and enrolled at Fort Lewis College in Durango, atomic number 27. I had never lived outside of the Denver Metro area and I wasnt sure what to expect. I read all the materials from the colleg e, all the pamphlets, and did as much research about the town as I could. The college was nicknamed, The Campus in the Sky, and the pictures showed a lie campus set atop a thriving mountain with forests all around. So, with a bit of fear and a great deal of excitement, I packed my bags, sloshed my transport and set off for a small mountain town where my life would be reborn.I started heading south and two hours after go away home I began to wonder what I had gotten myself into. It was a bright Saturday morning in August and the heat of the summer absorbing into the dark interior of my truck left me sweltering. Trying to save money, I dared not turn on the air conditioning. The remnants of my former life were packed into boxes that filled every open quadrangle of my oven on wheels.After passing Colorado Springs, I was met with open land on either side as far as I could see. at that place was nothing but flat prairie on either side with an occasional road aptly named Boondocks, or Dead End Road, veering off eastern United States or west. Seeing those names near made me turn back. Where am I going, and why? I thought to myself.Campus in the Sky Personal history Education College EssaysCampus in the SkyWhen I was 18 I moved out of my parents house into what most would consider a small two bedroom apartment with a friend. To me it was a kingly palace because it was mine. A dishwasher that didnt work, a room so small that my bed barely fit, and bathroom I had trouble turning around in without running into a wall. Still, it was my own, and that was all that mattered. I worked a 9-5 job, scraping every penny to get by. It took two years for me to realize that there had to be something better. I wanted a better life, a better education, and a job that would not just pay my bills, but give me mental satisfaction as well. It was then, at the age of 20 that I decided to pack my bags and get an education.I considered it a new start to my life and enrolled at F ort Lewis College in Durango, Colorado. I had never lived outside of the Denver Metro area and I wasnt sure what to expect. I read all the materials from the college, all the pamphlets, and did as much research about the town as I could. The college was nicknamed, The Campus in the Sky, and the pictures showed a sprawling campus set atop a golden mountain with forests all around. So, with a bit of fear and a great deal of excitement, I packed my bags, loaded my truck and set off for a small mountain town where my life would be reborn.I started heading south and two hours after leaving home I began to wonder what I had gotten myself into. It was a bright Saturday morning in August and the heat of the summer absorbing into the dark interior of my truck left me sweltering. Trying to save money, I dared not turn on the air conditioning. The remnants of my former life were packed into boxes that filled every open space of my oven on wheels.After passing Colorado Springs, I was met with o pen land on either side as far as I could see. There was nothing but flat prairie on either side with an occasional road aptly named Boondocks, or Dead End Road, veering off east or west. Seeing those names nearly made me turn back. Where am I going, and why? I thought to myself.

Teaching Philosophy :: Education Teaching Teachers Essays

Teaching Philosophy Teaching is not about creation a figure of authority, being in control or the adage, June, July and August. Those who atomic number 18 in the education profession with those goals in mind will not be effective teachers and they fail those who denudation themselves at his or her mercy in the classroom. The most effective and successful teachers are those who found it was all they ever wanted to do found a passion for it that lasted through the tedious process of educating by state standards to make it their profession. They are called to teach, an some other adage in regard to those who are obviously doing what they are best suited to do, something they have a passion for. Anyone can be taught to play a musical instrument to some degree or other but only those with the talent seemingly born in them will become masters of their instruments. It truly takes more than practice and the same is true for the dogma profession it requires a love a nd born in talent. Regard for the students is a requirement, not an option. First and foremost there has to be a full understand that they are people, unique individuals with differing characteristics. It would be an awful mistake of anyone to try to mold them into an idea of what someone thinks they should be. Differences are a fact they must be legitimate as the individuals must be accepted for the wonderful part they play in making the diversity or our society such as it is. If everyone take on the perfect mold life would be an endless drudgery. My experiences to date have taught me that what we see on the surface, or what we think we see, is not always the truth. Our senses do after all fail us so often. The seemingly inattentive student that continually makes comments or asks questions is not an annoyance, he is learning his way. The quiet student in the back that appears to be listening and absorbing everything could very well be hearing nothi ng except the thoughts in her head about totally uncorrelated topics.

A Discussion On Earthquakes :: essays research papers

A Discussion On EarthquakesPerhaps Mother Nature offers no greater force than that of the earthquake.Across the span of time, earthquakes have been recorded for their undreamtdestructive forces, and their abilities to awe mankind with their unparalleledforce. Earthquakes stinker often strike without any notice, leveling large citiesand killing scores of innocent people. Not and can earthquakes bring harm tosociety through these methods of destruction, but they can also cause millionsof dollars worth of damage to the areas they destroy, causing economic chaos.An earthquake is a natural phenomenon, occurring throughout the history of theworld. Descriptions as old as recorded history show the significant effectsearthquakes have had on peoples lives. Long onward there were scientifictheories for the cause of earthquakes, people around the world created folkloreto explain them. Until recent times, science has not had a completeunderstanding of how earthquakes are caused, and what ca n be done to predictwhen they will strike. This essay will discuss how earthquakes are formed andoccur, how scientists can more accurately predict the arrival of earthquakes. earlier contemplating how earthquakes might possibly be prevented, it isessential that the process and formation of and earthquake be understood.Earthquakes are caused when the earths crustal plates move, rub, or pushagainst each other. The earths crust (the outer social class of the earth) is made upof seven major plates and approximately thirteen smaller ones. The name plateis used to describe these portions of the earths crust because they areliterally plates or sections, composed of dirt and rock. These plates floaton molten lava, called magma. Since the plates are floating on magma, they canslowly move. The place where friction occurs between plates is called a respite.A fault is a crack in a plate or a place where two or more plates meet. Anexample of a fault where two plates meet is the San Andreas fau lt in California,where the Pacific and North American plates meet. The plates are about 30miles thick under land and can be one to five miles thick beneath the ocean.The plates move because of convection currents. Magma has currents like theocean does, that move in a circular motion beneath the plates. When two platesare pushing against each other, they are constantly building up tension on thefault. When two plates finally slip, they release a great amount of force inthe form of shock waves. These shock waves cause vibrations, which in turncause the ground around the fault line to move and shake.

A Discussion On Earthquakes :: essays research papers

A Discussion On EarthquakesPerhaps Mother Nature offers no greater long suit than that of the earthquake.Across the span of time, earthquakes have been recorded for their incredibledestructive forces, and their abilities to awe mankind with their unparalleledforce. Earthquakes contribute often strike without any nonice, leveling openhanded citiesand killing scores of innocent people. Not only can earthquakes bring harm tosociety through these methods of destruction, but they can also cause millionsof dollars expense of damage to the areas they destroy, causing economic chaos.An earthquake is a natural phenomenon, occurring throughout the history of theworld. Descriptions as old as recorded history show the important effectsearthquakes have had on peoples lives. Long before there were scientifictheories for the cause of earthquakes, people slightly the world created folkloreto explain them. Until recent times, science has not had a completeunderstanding of how earthquakes are cause, and what can be done to predictwhen they will strike. This essay will discuss how earthquakes are formed andoccur, how scientists can more accurately predict the arrival of earthquakes.Before contemplating how earthquakes might possibly be prevented, it isessential that the process and formation of and earthquake be understood.Earthquakes are caused when the earths crustal plates move, rub, or pushagainst each other. The earths crust (the outer layer of the earth) is made upof seven major plates and approximately thirteen smaller ones. The name plateis used to describe these portions of the earths crust because they areliterally plates or sections, composed of dirt and rock. These plates floaton molten lava, called magma. Since the plates are floating on magma, they can slow move. The place where friction occurs between plates is called a fault.A fault is a crack in a plate or a place where ii or more plates meet. Anexample of a fault where two plates meet is the San Andreas fault in California,where the Pacific and North American plates meet. The plates are about 30miles thick under land and can be one to five miles thick beneath the ocean.The plates move because of convection currents. Magma has currents like theocean does, that move in a circular motion beneath the plates. When two platesare pushing against each other, they are constantly building up tension on thefault. When two plates at last slip, they release a great amount of energy inthe form of shock waves. These shock waves cause vibrations, which in turncause the ground around the fault line to move and shake.

Being an Audience

The typify entitled Arsenic and Old Lace is about the horizontal surface of comedy towards tragedy and dilemma. It emphasized the primary(prenominal) product of the play, which is the elderberry wine that the main characters used to kill and bury people who had no family. Despite of its tragic complexity, the characters build widespread comic elements to relieve the effect of the legend. Being an audition is actually a good but hard task.It enables you to understand fully the story and the implications of its resolution but having extra mad to the actions, words, the setting of the play in order to incorporate your ideas and imagination towards the whole situations, and sometimes may apply to the reality. The sense of hearing will determine whether an event, play or movie is good, better, or best for they could see the whole actions, that they ar outside the frame of acting they be the judge in the court.The original title of this play is Bodies in the Cellar. It began as a stage play opening on January 10, 1941. Arsenic and Old Lace play 1,444 performances on Broadway and 1,332 in Londons West End. The non-musical play conquered stages around the world in many languages Aresnico e Vecchi Merletti in Italian. In 1944, Arsenic and Old Lace secured its place in the gentle consciousness with film direct by Frank Capra. The venue of the play in Ohio Theater House Squ are is an encouraging place to watch.The seats are comfortable and the ambiance is good as if it attracts its audience to participate in the play. Before the beginning of the play, people are talking to their friends and companions regarding their expectations in the story the characters, the music, and the story as a whole. Some of the audiences observed the scenario of the place in order to be familiarized with the concept of the play. The audiences were approximately 150 to 200 people who are in higher and middle class, mostly whites.Even if there are blacks in the venue, only few of t hem exist. They sat at the right side of the stage where just about all of them are together. The dress of the audiences in the play manifests to their social status. A group of friends or family who are in the higher status wears dresses that are much beautiful while people in middle class, dress just like the same as going to school or church. They were in addition unhinged while chattering and laughing at their friends and family.The audience started to pay attention when the host went to the stage to introduce and orient the audience about the Indians game status and play that we are going to watch. After his remarks, lights dimmed. Some of the audiences yelled in excitement but most of us (including me), gazed at the looker of the stage as the curtain opens. As I notice while watching the play, people at front part and at my both sides are amazed by the characters.Because the characters played very well, they encouraged the audience to become participative through their la ughs and yells. The movements of the character are like dances. As the music come along, the actions of their bodies in any case went through the beat along with their voices and facial expressions. The history of the play did not result any negativities towards the audience but a standing ovation also because of the pure and unique performances of the characters as well as the setting of the play where audience may think that it is true.After the play, the audience made a significant approbation to all the characters and the makers of the play. This kind of play is not easy for they need to build extra grave to bury all the bodies that the main characters killed. Aside from this, the plot, characterization, and resolution of the story merged as one to bring the comic tradition of tragedy, fallacy, and curiosity. The impact of the play to the audience made a distinct action throughout the story. The audience remained at their seats without talking to one another.As the twist of th e story revealed, almost everyone in the audience reacted as if they were part of the play. As a whole, being an audience in this kind of event is grateful and unbelievable experience. It brings new life to the tradition of old culture where actors and actresses played their roles without the camera but all staring(a) to the naked eyes. That is why it can be said that they are better than those in the television and movies for there are no directors deletion and editors cut all is true and realistic in a fictional setting and environment.

Journal on “Hands” by Sherwood Anderson Essay

The short figment, Hands, which was written by Sherwood Anderson, basically revolves around university extension Biddlebaum, who is the main character of the story, and his struggles to cure his seemingly uncontrollable hands. In the story, Wing is portrayed as a middle-aged and nearly bald man who lives just in his home. His only friend is George Willard, a young reporter for local paper, whom he values a lot. Other than Wings ordeal with his disease, the story also highlights his friendship with George.Basically, Wing first discovered his disease when he was still a teacher in Pennsylvania. As a teacher, Wing was very(prenominal) tightlipped to his students and often fey their hair and shoulders as a form of affection. However, one of the students, a boy, misinterpreted his actions as sexual in nature, causing his parents to confront him and deteriorate him out of town. This experience basically caused Wing to live in isolation as he believed he was sick and he needed to av oid close contact with people to be cured.However, Wings uncontrollable hands again continued to haunt him despite his isolation him and almost jeopardized his friendship with George. In another flashback, while Wing is giving advice to George, he suddenly finds himself caressing the boys shoulders with his hands the just like the way he touched his students shoulders. Although George doesnt notice what he was doing to him, Wing was bewildered upon realizing what his hands were doing to the boy and so he quickly placed them into his pockets.It was here that he realized that he was not yet cured of his disease. Generally, although the story did not specifically say that Wing has a disease, almost every event concerning his hands showed that he had one. However, it would be more accurate to say that his uncontrollable hands were psychological in nature. Basically, when Wing uses his hands to do things such as picking strawberries at an erratic speed and caressing the shoulders of hi s students, he does so almost subconsciously, which further supports the fact that he had a mental problem.

Managerial Applications of Information Technology Essay

Its 545 in the morning and you be waking up to the annoying sound of your alarm clock going off. You be fighting yourself just to get out of bed to drive to ferment. You may switch to drive 5 long m out of the week and sometimes 6 or 7 if you are working overtime. Then you arrive at work only to sit at a desk for 8 hours and murder your undertake work tasks that may seem never ending. For your commute phratry you are sitting in traffic for a nonher 30 minutes to an hour create up more than frustration. Keeping the same daily routine and watching the same black and white w in alls Monday through Friday back end have its pitfalls.How female genital organ you falsify your daily routine with technology today? According to www. insight-ts. com, A growing consideration for m any companies centers on their ability to add employees to their staff while throw overboarding them to work from home. There is a growing segment of todays workforce that is highly-skilled and prefers t o work from home. There are many professionals who find the quietness of a home mooring as a very productive environment. Businesses are likewise finding that many job functions work well from home-based offices al abjecting the parentage to grow without having to baffle additional square-footage costs. Business Problem In this paper I will talk about how the use of technology good deal allow employees to work from home, or telework. ACS, A Xerox Company employs a government sector that abutes applications and ongoing cases for residents in the res publica of Indiana. Employees work the same routine schedules and completes the same case bear on tasks every day. There are local offices where clients have the option to seek face-to-face assistance but clients are not compulsory to come into the office for anything. Clients can complete applications online, complete interviews over the phone, and turn in documents via fax or mail.Employees are confined to computer screens for 8 hours completing tasks and resolving client service issues over the phone. Clients also have the option to check the status of their case online or by using the automated system. I have been assiduous with ACS for 3 ? years and after the first year things started to go d experiencehill. Employees began to complain about the work environment. Feelings of disgust were expressed anywhere from the temperature in the room for cosmos too cold because perplexity has to accommodate the thornyware used in the facility to not having a flexible schedule to accommodate personal lives.Anyone who necessarily to handle business usually does between the hours of 8 and 5. Employees do not have the option to make do personal business prior to arriving to work and has restrain time after work. The more negative feelings build the more morale will decrease in the work environment and employees will become dissatisfied. Benefits of root word According to the U. S General Service Administratio n (GSA), Telework is an innovative business solution that en suit equal to(p)s employees to work productively away from the traditional office.Since employees are struggling to take their personal lives to fit in their work schedule, management should discover a way to allow employees to conduct personal business around their work schedule. If management allows employees to telework it could lead to positive benefits. Telework does not only include working from home, but also working in cafes, while traveling, or even at your pincers football game, during half time of course. By giving your employees the option to choose when is the vanquish time for them to complete work will lead employee blessedness and increase in production and revenue.Approach Technology has allowed government agencies to advance by developing software to help minimize the use of paper, increase contraption for clients, and minimize the workload for employees. With all the new technology such as broadband Internet, buy work out, and Wi-Fi employees are able to unite to specify work tasks from home. With advanced tools such as virtual private ne dickensrks, call conferencing, videoconferencing, and electronic mails employees are able to communicate from home. With client-service computing employees are able to work and communicate on a private server.Target Audience This paper will capture the minds of upper management and direct staff such as caseworkers. Management will be able to understand the benefits of allowing direct staff to telework, such as saving money, increasing morale in the workplace, and possibly increasing revenue. Caseworkers will be able to experience life outside of the office and understand how telework will allow them to gain more of their personal life that has been taken away from them. Milestone 1 Company BackgroundACS, A Xerox Company, boasts as being a global leader in business process, as well as cultivation technology service. This includes financ e and accounting, along with transaction processing to IT outsourcing as well as human resources and even customer care. The main mission of ACS is to help distributively client focus on the core of their business. ACS serves a wide range of industries such as government, communions, manufacturing, retail, financial serve, healthcare, education and transportation. The main goal of ACS is to deliver available excellence.ACS has currently combined sources with Xerox, offering over 140,000 employees in 160 countries. This has helped build global brand strength along with constant dedication to innovation. ACS started in 1988 and has been running(a) for twenty- triple years. Since the day ACS has started, they have kept the focus on putting the client first. ACS at a glance goes on to mention, Our clients tell us were responsive to business needs, were flexible to changing priorities, were reliable for delivering results and we act with integrity at all times. To sum it up, ACS is reliable and honest.ACS will expertly manage your operations, leaving you relinquish to focus on the strategic areas of your business. Business Issues Employees for ACS are experiencing a decrease in their personal lives because of the work constraints put on by upper management. Employees are mandated to work ten hours more each pay period and four hours every other Saturday. We spend at least $5 for lunch each day. With all the mandated overtime employees are unable to shop at the grocery store. Many employees have children at home and have to help with homework or give baths. This leaves employees tired the next day.With gas prices soaring employees can spend anywhere from $50-$100 weekly on gas. Employees also are unable to take care of personal business and sometimes only the only way to complete personal tasks is by requesting time off. afterwards working 7am to 6pm employees feel too tired to walk around the local high school track for daily exercise. These factors combine d can essentially cost an organization an indefinable amount of financial resources and, more importantly, human resources . The effect of these problems can lead to low morale and job dissatisfaction.Many studies show the two terms as interchangeable, yet some studies suggest that the two should not be confused with one another. According to The Encyclopedia of Career Development (2006), esprit de corps as a construct should not be confused with job satisfaction, although employee satisfaction surveys have served as a surrogate for assessing morale for some time. Benefits of answer Problem If staff had the option to telework, management and direct staff will gain great benefits. Telework will allow staff to work at their own pace, while at the same time completing the expected workload.If staff have the ability to work their specified tasks while being able to complete personal tasks this will increase morale and the company would have more satisfied staff. The most important ben efit would be the ability to spend more time with the family. Staff will save on the weekly gas and lunch expenses. They will also have the option incorporate morning water system aerobics classes into their daily schedule. With the advantage of a flexible schedule staff will be delighted to complete expected workload so that they can continue with the rest of their lives.Instead of being in the office 5 to 7 days out of the week they could work 2 to 3 days out of the week for the clients who want face-to-face assistance and allowing the company to save money since they would not have to pay shelter expenses for the buildings being used to conduct business. Proposed Technology Solution The Insight Technology Solutions website explains, Because of the advancements in information systems/technology, software applications, and high speed internet connections, any job that can be penalize using a telephone and/or computer can be performed from a home office very effectively.The cloud a llows individuals to limit the use of hard drives, USB drives, and etc. Cloud services enable individuals to save information from one computer and pick it on your tablet or mobile device. Cloud computing offers almost everything a company will need to allow employees to telework. According to Wikipedia, Cloud computing is a marketing term for technologies that provide computation, software, data door, and depot services that do not require end-user knowledge of the physical location and configuration of the system that delivers the services. Emailing and video conferencing enables converse for employees.Allowing employees to keep up with daily updates or requesting assistance from the IT helpdesk. Milestone 2 Detailed Technology Solution The best technology solution for incorporating telework in your business is with cloud computing. This will allow caseworkers to possess work book of instructions, tasks, and communicate with management and other co-workers away from the offic e. Management Information Systems Twelfth Edition (Laudon and Laudon p. 70) explains, Cloud computing refers to a model of computing that provides access to a shared pool of computing resources (computers, storage, applications, and services), over a net profit, often the Internet. Cloud computing offers anytime self-service, employees can complete work from anywhere at any time. Employees will also be able to access the network from personal laptops, tablets, or mobile devices. An infinite amount of employees can access the network simultaneously. Resources required can be changed any time due to the demand from the business.Businesses are only charged for the services that are used. Cloud computing offers 3 various services cloud fundament as a service, cloud platform as a service, and cloud software as a service. Cloud infrastructure as a service (IaaS) enables business to move their applications into the cloud and run information systems. Cloud platform as a service (PaaS) all ows businesses to develop applications with services provided from the cloud provider. Cloud software as a service (SaaS) gives the business access to use cloud software for business development.In order for ACS to allow caseworkers to telework, cloud infrastructure as a service should be the cloud service used to allow the highest performance from caseworkers. ACS, a Xerox company, provides Xerox cloud services to businesses so why not use it to its capacity for their own company. Xerox cloud services will allow caseworkers to access systems used to process applications and ongoing cases. With the Xerox cloud (IaaS) caseworkers will have the ability to work away from the office. Iaas allows organizations to outsource equipment that supports daily operations, including software, hardware, servers and networking components.The cloud provider owns the equipment and is responsible for housing, running and maintaining the equipment. at once we must focus on technology dealing with voice communication. Caseworkers have to complete interviews over the phone with clients. There are many different communication tools but virtual private networks (VPN) will benefit the company the most. VPN is a private network that provides secure and encrypted communications for large companies at a low cost. Since security is a high priority then VPN will be the best option with confidential client information transmitted over the networks. devil VPN technologies offered by CISCO are site to site VPNs and extraneous access VPNs. Site to site VPNs provide and Internet based wireless area network to extend resources to main location offices, home offices, and business partners. utilize site to site VPNs management will be able to communicate work instructions with caseworkers and management will also be able to monitor daily work activity. Remote access VPNs extend any data, voice, or video communication to a remote desktop. This will come in handy if a caseworker is experiencing di fficulty with company software and hardware.IT would be able to diagnose and make up a problem from wherever they are by accessing your computer. Value of this Approach Xerox cloud Iaas will benefit the company in reducing IT costs. Using cloud services and products cost less because you are not charged for consultations or IT staff used to service your software or hardware. These fees are free with the subscription purchased by the cloud service provider. Since Xerox provides the cloud services then there will not be any charges to use cloud services to allow caseworkers to telework.Telework also reduces environmental costs, like saving money on gas or food. With privacy concerns VPN will give the caseworker the ability to edge clients or other workers securely. Caseworkers will be able to make cost saving budgets that can help save money for hereafter vacations or childrens college savings. Business Process Changes Businesses change according to societal trends. The more techno logy developed the more organizations have to change to keep up with competition. Once ACS realizes that telework can save the organization money, changes will be implemented to accommodate caseworkers to telework.Virtual management will be the most important change process. Caseworkers working in the office now are under supervision from management in the same office. A special team of staff will need to be created to work with the caseworkers teleworking. Since caseworkers will not be working in the office all work instructions will be given through email or over the phone. Management will also conduct meetings through conference and video calls instead of meeting in the office or specified locations.Milestone 3 Additional Technology SolutionsOther forms of technology that will be useful in allowing caseworkers to able to telework is desktop virtualization. According to searchvirtualdesktop. techtarget. com, Desktop virtualization is the image of isolating a logical operating sys tem (OS) instance from the client that is used to access it. Desktop virtualization can work locally and remotely. Of course remote access will be more beneficial for caseworkers. Host-based virtual machines are a model used for desktop virtualization that allows each user to individually connect to laptops or mobile devices hosted in a data center.Management can use desktop virtualization to collect work that needs to be processed and transport to caseworkers that are teleworking tasks to complete through the host-based virtual machine. VoIP uses resources to help decrease charges incurred from local and long-distance telephone networks. Management Information Systems Twelfth Edition ( Laudon and Laudon p. 265) explains, VoIP can reduce communication and network management costs by 20 to 30 percent. VoIP signals can be transferred over a corporate network allocated to specialised users.Caseworkers can hook the VoIP connection from ACS to their home Internet connection to receiv e and make calls only pertaining to work. Additional Business Process Changes There are three main systems caseworkers use to complete daily tasks. First there is SMART, which keeps track of tasks completed and tasks needing to be completed according to priority. Then there is FACTS, which keeps track of all the applications submitted and documents that clients return for processing. Finally ICES, which stores all of the clients information and processes case information.These programs are straight forward and the only changes would be incorporating these websites to work away from the office. We are only allowed access to these programs on office computers. Management will have to allow unrestricted access to these programs to allow caseworkers to be able to work from home. boilersuit Recommendations There are many different workers for the government sector of ACS. There are clerks who are needed to assist clients that come into the office. There are State managers that are needed in the office to conduct daily business for the offices.There is many other staff that is there to conduct daily business that is needed for offices. Telework is basically recommended for caseworkers because they can complete the same work at home that is done at work. Implementation In order for caseworkers to be able to transition from offices to remote locations caseworkers need to be trained on how to conduct telework away from the office. Caseworkers come in with a mind of reaping all the benefits and are not aware of some issues that can develop from being away from the office for too long. Employees may start to get too comfortable and become inactive leading to a decrease in production.Telework is not for everybody, some employees need that social environment 8 hours a day. Conclusion In conclusion telework is the best option for caseworkers and various other organizations. Telework allows caseworkers to gain flexibility and the organization to save money. As mentioned ear lier caseworkers will be able to spend more time with families and organizations will be able to cut back on office space being used. Overall from my general view and the basis of everything discussed in this paper, telework is what the future holds for corporations to keep a competitive edge.

Ethics and Compliance

Ethics and Compliance Fabian Marrero, Kevin Martinez FIN/370 March 9, 2013 Norberto Molina Perez Ethics and Compliance In this paper we will as a team Assess the role of ethics and compliance in your establishments financial environment. Describe procedures your organization has in place to ensure honorable behavior. Explain how financial markets work in the United States. Identify processes the organization uses to comply with SEC regulations.Evaluate your organizations financial performance during the past 2 days, using financial ratios. Calculate the ratios for each year Current, Debt, Return on equity Discuss the trend for each ratio and what it tells you about the organizations financial health. The business code and ethics code at the alliance Lowes stores begins with the board of directors right through to the newest of workers. The requirement to commemorate and follow the code of conduct is vital for all who are associated or represented by the company.Compliance with g a ll overnmental regulations involving ethics is valued by Lowes and held strong. The application of ethics financially, under section B of the code of conducts states employees and members of their immediate families should not have any financial interest, direct or indirect, in any organization that is or is seeking to be a supplier of merchandise or other property or services to the company (Lowes, 2012).Areas of importance that are as well covered in the codes pertaining to financial concerns are payments to governmental officials or other persons, the importance of accurate books and records along with adhering to internal controls to financial reporting, protection, and proper use of company assets, public company reporting, and insider trading according to the code of conduct. (Lowes, 2012). The possession of information or knowledge of a transaction or attempted transaction essential be informed to the employees direct supervisor.There is a strong encouragement towards emp loyees to utilize the businesss open door policy or obviously by using the website at www. ethicspoint. com (Lowes, 2012). Any situations involving any executive officers much(prenominal) as principal executive officers, financial officers, are concern given(p) missionary work to the general counsel and chief compliance officer. Zero tolerance is given for any retaliation towards any individual that goes against the reporting of any violations of the conduct codes.The great power of the exchange of previously issued financial assets from individuals to businesses is the main purpose of the financial markets in the U. S. The actual structure brings borrowers, investors, and intermediaries that put in concert the financial institutions and markets that put both together as a whole. Finance companies, insurance, investment companies, investment banks, are some of the organizations that screw compromise the marketplace. The majority of the time individuals deal with commercial ban ks on a daily basis.The recession of 2008 what greatly due to some non bank intermediaries that made a great number of citizens remove their funds from financial marketplaces. Securities play a significant role in the marketplace in addition to these organizations. These markets are made up of primary and secondary markets. The primary markets are made up of new securities so firms may utilize them to raise capital to assist with financing. The transference of previously issued securities that investors move within each other is secondary markets.Securities can consist of common stock, preferred stock, equity, and debt securities. Finally, financial markets provide the money necessary by companies and individuals and create links between investors and corporations. Because of the stock market crash of 1929 the U. S. Securities and supervene upon Commission was created. S. E. C. mission is to regain the confidence in investors in capital market by issuing information that is reliabl e with honest and clear rules. chthonian this commission any publically traded entity must disclose their financial information by law.This allows the investor the information necessary about selling, buying or even place a specific security. Under the SEC regulations, publically traded organizations must disclose their financial information. This information provides investors common knowledge about buying, selling or attribute a particular security. Last but not least, the S. E. C. s primary responsibilities are to protect investors, maintain fair, orderly, and efficient markets, and facilitate capital formation (U. S. Securities and replace Commission, 2012). Lowes has been a publicly held company since October 10, 1961. Lowes lists on the clean York Stock transpose with shares trading under the symbol LOW. The New York Stock Exchange is the largest financial industry brands in the world. Membership with the big board has made one regarded as a valuable property since 1868. In April 2006, the NYSE went both electronic and public that the exchange was a membership-only organization (New York Stock Exchange, 2012). Since Lowes is a publically traded entity, it must institutionalise reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission.Some important documents such as, Annual reports, quarterly, current and any other reports necessary for the S. E. C. to properly evaluate the business and its use for investors. Financial reports must have accuracy and be in ripe compliance with the regulations of the SEC. Finance statements together with the independent registered accounting firm by the name of Deloitte and Touche LLP show that this practice acknowledges adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Lowes 2012).This basically means that this firm is agreeing to give their full assurance to the company that their finance reporting will be reliable and will present accurate financ ial statements for publishing. Reports to the SEC are as follows balance wheel sheets, consolidated statements, statements of exchange flows, notes to consolidated financial statements, statements of earnings. Serious violations from organizations of misleading information, fraudulent accounting practices, and even insider trading can cause SEC to use polished enforcement against a business for security law violation.EDGAR (Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval system) is a automated collection and validation system that by law is required to file forms. The primary purpose of EDGAR is to increase the efficiency and fairness of the securities market for the benefit of investors, corporations, and the economy by accelerating the receipt, acceptance, dissemination, and analysis of time-sensitive corporate information filed with the agency according to the (U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 2012).Historical ratios in comparison to a businesss current period rati os to determine if a firms financial status is growing or in deterioration. Ratios illustrate a companys performance and current ratios permit a companys liquidity by putting in comparison current assets and current liabilities. Measurement of debt ratio shows the amount of assets financed by borrowing. The rate of return earned by common shareholders in the firm is cognise as return on equity, and finally accounts receivable turnover ratio shows the amount of times that it rolls over throughout the year.Throughout 2010 the economy was demonstrating sings of recuperation, but increasing rank of unemployment were visible in the home improvement industry. A decline in the value of property, tight credit for consumers, and disposable income was slow to grow. Illustrations below show the move growth in the business. Growth and stability and above all, growth in the long run show that Lowes has expectations to maintain a flow of cash throughout the next few years. Financial Performanc e of Lowes Current Ratio Debt Ratio 2010 2010 3005000 = 2. 37 times 13936000 = 42. 2% 13936000 33005000 2011 2011 33699000 = 2. 16 times 15587000 = 46. 3% 15587000 33699000 Return on Equity 2010 1783000 x 4815 x __1__4818 3300500 1-0. 42 36. 53 x 0. 0015 x 1. 72 = 9. 4% 2011 2010000 x __50208__ x ___1___50208 33699000 1-0. 463 40. 03 x 0. 0015 x 1. 86 = 11. 2% Accounts Receivable Turnover Ratio 2010 2011 32250000___ = 0. 42 days 34790000___ = 0. 49 days 208000/365 days 193000/365 days To finalize the company we have chosen continues to follow its ethical behavior tradition within the home improvement world. The business will keep with updating codes of ethics as the demand for the surmount environment for customers is what they strive for. SEC assures that Lowes continues to follow old and new regulations always. The financial performance is visible proof of their continued effort for improvement. With the information given we can clearly see that Lowes will keep in the home improvement industry as one of the major players in the years to follow.References Lowes. (2012). Investor Relations. Retrieved from http//phx. corporate-ir. net/phoenix. zhtml? c=95223&p=irol-IRHome Lowes. (2012). Lowes 10-k annual report. Retrieved http//phx. corporate-ir. net/phoenix. zhtml? c=95223&p=irol-reportsannual New York Stock Exchange. (2012). History. Retrieved from http//nyse. nyx. com/history U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission. (2012). What we do. Retrieved from http//www. sec. gov/about/whatwedo. shtml

With Reference to Your Own Research?

With reference to your own research to what extent do you think that acting in a socially amenable way is nowessential for businesses? Social answerable allows business to create a positive relationship with the lodge of interests and also then milieu within their operation. Companies that use socially responsible are Marks and Spencer. They have d angiotensin-converting enzyme this by creating an operation call Plan A where they are equal to(p) to generate ? 85 one thousand million from just reducing costs. Saving this amount of money they are given the opportunity to expand the M&S brand, this is one of their main objectives where they want to have a M&S store within a 30 minutes radius of each customer. With M&S saving ? 185 million they have been able to a positive relationship with the community that they are in.What they have also done is that they have been cleaning break through the communitys lakes and rivers this is very good as they allow for be looking to show th at they are caring about the environment, being social responsible is a very good marketing strategy as they pass on be gaining publicity, and this ordain lead to more people becoming more awake(predicate) that M&S are looking after the environment and people ordain be willing to support the idea. They will be doing this through shop at M&S. The disadvantages of social responsible for companies such as M&S are that they will have lost an opportunity cost as they have been able to save ? 85 million they will have to choose whether they want to continue supporting the local community or add their market share. As M&S want to increase their market share they will not be able miss opportunities like this, moreover they have to have a good relationship with the local community. M&S are now supporting fair trade and organic food, this very risky as this is asking customer whether they want to pay more for food or go to one of M&Ss competitors and soak up shopping with them as both fair trade and organic will cost more than any other food.By being social responsible M&S will have problems going in to emerging markets such as Brazil an d China. With China being able to take 600 million people out of poverty M&S will have lost the perfect chance to exploit that. Brazil have got big events possibility in the next 3 years with the world cup in 2014 and the Rio Olympics in 2016, investing a new store within this area will help them increase both market size and also brand awareness M&S operating profits have fallen . by 1. 8%, this is not good for companies such s M&S trying to become more social responsible, with this decrease in profits they will have less money to spend on their Plan A project. With employees being told that they will have to clean up rivers and lakes M&S will have to be able to motivate their workers enough, this could cost M&S a large amount of money just to get employees to do this. star of social responsibility is to look after employees, making them clean a lake or rivers could make them feel as if they are not being utilise to their full potential and could result in them taking industrial action.M&S have been very good at reducing their amount of carbon outpouring being released and this is shown as they have been able to save 28% more energy compared to the amount of energy used in 2007. Being social responsible squirt help many companies such as M&S financially as they will not need to pay so frequently for their pollution tax this can result in them being able to increase their profit margin and helping them supports the community more.Problems that M&S can also face is that some of their customers may not believe that they will be helping their community and may think that they are just a marketing gimmick, this is important that M&S show those people that they are really helping the community and to do this they could publish the amount of money they have got and show them what they want to spend it on. O verall social responsibility is now essential for business to do as they can help the stores local community and business. With them saving ? 85 million they have got to choose whether they want to exercuite their Plan A effectively or try and open more M&S stores within developing countries such as Brazil and China. Especially where there are two of the worldss biggest events happening in Brazil within 2 years of each other. To make full use of their Plan A M&S will have to plan and exercuite it well enough that the community can feel like as if they have made a huge impact within their community. But with cost reduction occurring their profit will increase.

Philosophical Theory Essay

Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) was a renowned French philosopher of twentieth ampere-second Europe. His highly extraordinary political philosophy was merely influenced by the work of Marx and Hegel. From 1945 and onwards, his writings had dominated political themes which further recognized him as Europes best humanity intellectual of the century. One of his famous essays was Anti-Semite and Jew which had criticized French complicity in the Holocaust and defined burdensomeness as an inter private recognition distortion (Sartres governmental Philosophy IEP).He co-founded Les Temps Modernes, a journal which published seminal essays on world affairs and political theory. It was only in 1950 when Sartres political list bent towards Marxism he eventually released Critique of Dialectic Reason, Vol. 1 in 1960, a systematic account which massively rung of gathering agitate and narrative (Sartres Political Philosophy IEP). Critique embodied Sartres earlier radical view and philosophy of existential freedom which had further led to his pioneering union of Marxism and existential philosophy an original political philosophy which touched the tension between historical forces and somebody freedom.Marxism implied that societies can be better understood through struggle which existed between powerless and powerful groups. Existentialism viewed man-to-mans as entities responsible for the numerous authorless affable ills (Sartres Political Philosophy IEP). It is in this respect that genuineity is considered a primary existential virtue that is, it is a requirement for a person to critically examine ones social situation prior to his or her acceptance of personal culpability with respect to the choices one made within that genuine situation.In short, his new political philosophy embodied theories of both(prenominal) deterrent example responsibility and individual agency. His well recognized work Existentialism is a Humanism although which was presented and shar ed a common argument of the categorical imperative of Kant, spoke largely of Marxism and Hegelianism. With respect to Marx and Hegel, Sartre developed his precise own political view as reflected on his Notebooks for an Ethics (1982) (Sartres Political Philosophy IEP).He concur with Hegel who claimed that in order to win recognition, humans need to undergo a usual struggle (Being and Nothingness). Initially, Sartre rejected the notion of transcending struggle by relations of uncouth and reciprocal recognition that is, all human relations according to Sartre, were by products of the master and slave relation. However, his idea on human relations was altered as he made the Notebooks.This may be summarized into four parts (1) that in that respect is a possibility for struggle to be transcended by both reciprocal and mutual recognition (2) that struggle is located in history and society rather than in onthology (3) that the struggle for recognition is a significant component in analy zing oppression as a form of domination and (4) that social solidarity was an ontological reality (dependent on recognition ties) rather than psychological projection which Hegel had claimed. Sartres theory of Existentialism had always accompanied Marxism.His description of social reality utilized Marxs structural analysis which he further used to rescue Marxisms miscellanea as lazy dogmatism (Sartres Political Philosophy IEP). The combination of Existentialism and Marxism into a single unique theory criticized not only the scotch class being a significant structural factor, but also human situation as dictated by gender, family, death and birth. An individuals intention, he further claimed, can be sufficiently explained not by objective interests alone but through the combination of class analysis and personal history.Soren Kierkegaard Another renowned philosopher and Christian existentialist Soren Kierkegaard relied on the theory of Existentialism with respect to understanding h uman relations and individual particularity. Prior the release of his famous work The Sickness unto destruction, Kierkegaard had claimed that there are forces at work in society and history which when projected, tend to focus on sheer union defined by singleness and particularity rather than by unity with others (Kierkegaard, Soren 1989).The European societys massive industrialization in the nineteenth century had led to the disruption of rurally-based societies and organic groupings with their respective identified function. Kierkegaard claimed that the age of rationalization had further drained the ethical content with respect to a well-defined groups membership (intensive division of labor, multiple social roles and loss of corporate identity) and promoted rational reorganization (Kierkegaard, Soren 1989). It was in this respect that he emphasized the worlds need of absolute particularity in oppose to universality.The notion of particularity, as Kierkegaard claimed, is precisel y reflected in the principle of Christianity. Individuals find themselves in a lonely self emancipating situation, by which they are considered single human beings who stand before God. The more individual lose ones social identity, the more spiritual and dedifferentiated one becomes. Kierkegaards notion of the true self is one which conforms to the image of humanity as reflected by God through Christ (Kierkegaard, Soren 1989).With respect to this principle, there are two theoretical dilemmas which other public intellectuals like Sartre may be facing (1) in such(prenominal) a manner by which an individual stood before God, there is a possibility that the split between social and personal life is further accentuated (in oppose to Sartres dependence on both social and personal analysis) that is, the self and social life cannot be combined into one and (2) the situational status itself and that an individual identity for instance, cannot be placed over social and familial roles (whic h again contradicts Sartres notion of human situation as a by product of family, gender and other social structures). The Existentialist psyche If it is in fact true to say that neither Kierkegaard nor Sartre agree with each others philosophy, why are they both considered existentialists any way? The very notion of Existentialism suggests that individual essence can only be realized after the existence of an individual had occurred and not the other way slightly and that human beings cannot be understood in terms of science (Existentialism 2010 Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). As per Sartres definition, Existentialism viewed individuals as entities who are responsible for a certain social situation.In respect to this, an individuals authentic value (so to speak ones personal originality) is considered as the theorys existential virtue necessary to examine ones individual situation within a given social phenomenon. Kierkegaard, like Sartre, recognized the value for individual authenticity. Instead of relying on universality, he emphasized on the importance of absolute particularity of individuals. Placing a high regard for individual particularity over a more collective and universal approach to human relations and the society, Sartre and Kierkegaard somehow shared a common ground with respect to political philosophy. Thus, the accuracy of such theory may be defined in subjective terms rather than objective.Kierkegaard and Sartre viewed individuals as the center of rationalization that is, when an individual is born, he or she is authentic by nature, one who dictated rather than be dictated by social condition however, individual existentialism can be deemed applicable not only towards understanding human action and intention along with other social structures (for instance familial and social roles) but also towards absolute particularity which rejected the very notion of social influence. References Sartres Political Philosophy Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (IEP) A Peer Reviewed Academic Resource. Kierkegaard, Soren (1989) The Sickness unto Death Penguin Group. Existentialism (2010) Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Sartre, Jean-Paul (1993) Essays in Existentialism Citadel Press

About Tragic Mulatto

The tragical mulatto is one of stereotypical name used to describe someone with mixed racial Identity (halfback and half white). It has been shown In American books during the 19th and 20th centuries, from the 1 8405. Often In many literary works, these light skinned Individuals who are characterized as tragic mulatto are assumed to be remorseful and distressed. Due t o their such complexity, they fail to fit in the white world or the black world. As such. He tragic c mulatto is depicted as the victim of the society in society divided by race, where there is no place e for one who is neither completely black nor white. The devise mulatto is originated from the Portuguese and Spanish word mulatto, deer Veda from the word, mull (from Old Spanish, from Latin mlulls meaning mule, a hybrid o absentspring off horse and a donkey. Many Europeans suspected the offspring amongst a White Euro paean and a Black African would live very long. Thus the briny reasoning behind the derivation oft his term is that al such offspring would be innate(p) sterile and incapable of reproducing themselves.In literature, mulattoes were often unaware of their black heritage. Upon discovering their African ancestry, tragedy comes because such characters find themselves forbid fro m white society and, thus, the privileges available to whites. Distraught at their fate as people of color, tragic mulattoes In literature often turned to seclude. In other Instances, they pass for white, abandon cut off part of their black heritage. In Dalton, such characters were frequently portrayed as salacious or dissipated because of their mixed blood.

Communication Assignment Essay

Describe the main differences between communicating with adults and dialogue with nipperren and teenaged hatful (3. 2) Although there be some factors of conversation that should be present regardless of eld or development such(prenominal) as respect and courtesy, as adults and teaching staff we should adapt our talk and language with who we are talking to and their age. There is a need when communicating with children and unsalted peck to be clear and unambiguous. This helps children and untested people understand what we are saying and expressing as well as destiny them develop language and communication skills to use for themselves.As teaching staff when communicating with a child or young soulfulness it is authorized non to use too much language as the message or request could become conf employ and lost by the child or young person. It is of the essence(p) to ensure that the child or young people understand what is being asked of them and that teaching staff sh ould ensure that this level of understanding is achieved and remember to be patient and mindful of age and development. It is in addition important to bear in mind that child and young people leave copy adult conduct and it is therefore imperative to model the kind of communication you would expect from them.This is why ensuring respect, accepting contributions and differences of opinions, being cultured and courteous are crucial when communicating with children/ young people and adults. Identify examples of communication difficulties that may dwell (3. 3) Communication is a crucial skill and helps us express feelings, make choices and acquired immune deficiency syndrome us in all aspects of life, there are many another(prenominal) pupils that struggle with communication and areas of difficulty commode arise for a variety of reasons. This could be due to special of necessity or because of attitudes and beliefs. Physical FactorsThese could include speech impediments such as a s tammer or more serious physical conditions or special needs which effect the ability of communication. works in a special needs school I turn over with many assimilators that are not able to communicatoryly communicate for a design of different reasons such as severe autism, severe developmental delay and down syndrome. Although these students are fully supported and oftentimes form other ways to communicate they can often become frustrated that they cannot communicate their feelings. It in any case affects their independence.Confidence Confidence could be another barrier to communication. Confidence can be developed with cause a pupils self esteem is linked to feelings of self-affirmation and belonging. As teaching staff it is important to empower pupils and give them the confidence that assists communication for example this could be done by giving a pupil enough time to respond and by being sensitive. Cultural Differences There may be communication difficulties due to cul tural differences. This could be created because of different expectations created by culture.An example of this could be that a student in a school maybe part of a culture where eye contact is not encouraged this could mean that people may not pick up as many non verbal cues. Describe how to adapt communication to meet different communication needs (3. 4) It may be incumbent to adapt the way in which you communicate if you are communicating with someone who has difficulties in this area. The following techniques can be employ Speak clearly and appropriately when communicating. Slow your speech if necessary. Use visual aids such as pictures, photograph or flashcards. Use a translator if necessary. Use sign language. wield good eye contact and use positive body language. Use facial expressions and hand gestures. Working in a school for severely disabled young people, many of the students have communication difficulties, for many their communication skills are not meetative of their age. This has meant that staff in the school have to adapt to enable the students ways to communicate their feelings/wants/needs appropriately.Although teaching staff try to encourage speech there are other techniques that are used. For example * Makaton signing Makaton is a language programme using signs and symbols to help people to communicate. It is designed to support spoken language and the signs and symbols are used with speech, in spoken word order. * Symbols/ opthalmic aids/ Visual timetables Symbols can be used to re enforce a message or a request used along side speech, an example of this could be handing a student a stop sign and saying stop if the student was being silly.Symbols can also be used as part of a visual timetable, these are usually used in autistic classes, symbols (or words) that represent the activities the students will be doing that day and in the correct order so they are aware of what they will be doing. * Electronic speakers Some students th at are not able to communicate verbally use an electronic speaker these are specialised computers that enable people to communicate. The user presses different buttons to communicate what they are move to say, the speaker says the different words out loud. * PECSPicture, exchange, communication system (PECS) is a system of communication in which the student hands symbols to an adult to request something or to communicate a feeling. It tends to be used in autistic settings and gives students the opportunity for spontaneous communication. Describe how to deal with disagreements between * The practitioner and child/ young people There can often be disagreements between teaching assistant staff and young people. This could be because staff have to put boundaries and rules in place which the young people may not agree with.In the case of a disagreement it is important to address the situation. The staff member should go on calm and collected and explain why they have taken the action t hat they have taken. In this case, of a disagreement because of boundaries the staff team should be consistent. Depending on the nature of the disagreement it may also be an idea to discuss it afterwards when everybody is thinking rationally, this could be an opportunity to talk about why it happened and how to interrupt in the future. In my care setting there have been occasions that young people have targeted staff for unknown reasons.This can be difficult for the staff, in this case its important to extend support as a team. The staff member may want to do activities and tasks with the young person in the future to develop relationships. * The practitioner and other adults (3. 5) It is likely that when working along side people in a work setting that there will be disagreements. This could be for a number of reasons, including poor communication or clashes of personalities and ideas, as adults we can sometimes misread situations and information given, we can also be defensive a nd lead by our emotions.In these conflict situations it is important to be sensitive as well as keen to resolve the situation and soon as possible. Being open and in effect(p) about thoughts and feelings can help resolve a situation and ensure that both parties do their surmount to prevent it happening again. It is also important to remember that as an employee you are contracted to be professional. If employees are not able to resolve a disagreement they should refer to the schools grievance policy or procedure.

Loans & Advances of Dhaka Bank

Home Business economic science Report on Procudure for Distributing Loans and Advance at working capital of Bangladesh fix Report on Procudure for Distributing Loans and Advance at capital of Bangladesh posit on March 20, 2013 in Economics picpic1. a. Introduction Intern venture program is a pre-requisite for getting M. B. A. degree. Before completion of the degree, a student moldiness, belowgo the Internship program. As the classroom discussion alone gouge non discharge a student perfect in handling the satisfying line of products organisation situation, therefore, it is an opportunity for the students to know to the highest degree the real life situation through this program.The program consists of three phases 1. The orientation of the Intern with the organization, its function and performance. 2. The job work pertaining to a particular problem or problems matching with the Interns argona of distinctiveness and organizational requirement. 3. The stem writing to s ummarize the Interns analysis, findings and achievements in the proceeding of the chases. 1. b. Objectives of the Report The re consecratee has two preys 1. General Objective 2. Specific Objective 1) General objectives of the report The ordinary objective of the report is to complete the internship.As per requirement of MBA program of Chittagong University, a student need to work in a business organization for two months to acquire pr practiseical knowledge ab place real business movements of a fol depressed. 2) Specific objective of the report The specific objective of this report is to find and analyze the recognise facilities (its dandy, reco genuinely, categorise gives etc.tera, approval and supervise process of capital of Bangladesh coin intrust Limited, Local dischargeice. It will also embroil assembly an idea about the securities behind the impart facilities and issuing different strand guarantees.The detail objectives of my study be as retraces- To acce ss the citation structure of avows in practice. To measure the effectiveness of the selected shores in forcible exertion of their forthcoming deposit and resources. To identify the relationship with their nodes. To identify the contribute reco really performances of the selected banks. To find out the deposit utilization problems. To find out the capital punishment of acknowledgement luck management policy of the selected banks. To find out the implementation of the ac quotation risk grading manual of Bangladesh bank by the selected banks. To find out the unsound consultation according to the credit risk management policy. 1. c. Methodology Methodology of the study This report is mainly prompt by the secondary sources of information & approximately few primary sources of information like O carry observation. O Information discussion with professionals. O Questioning the concerned persons. The secondary sources of my information O yearbook reports of DBL. O C redit rating report of DBL by credit rating information & service peg downed. O Desk report of the related department. O Credit manual information. O Different reference books of the library.O Some of my bleed elements as related to this report. 1. d . Scope of the study This report will cover an organizational overview of capital of Bangladesh bank. It will give a total view of the different stages of credit appraisal system of Dhaka bank, starting from the impart application to Loan disbursement and the comparison between standard and existing credit appraisal system of a coin bank. The study is organized as follows Credit profile of the selected banks. Loan recovery. The nature of default. Credit management and guidelines. Analysis of the findings and recommendation. 1. e.Limitations There be well-nigh limitations I had to face while preparing this report. It is very difficult to collect some of the eventant data and information. There is some information very secr et and the blaspheme didnt involve to forget this information. But this information may help to build a good report. Anformer(a) limitation is avail office of the data. The bank doesnt have sufficient documents of the interest sum of money they collect from different bestows. For this there is no specific profit calculation of the credit department. So, These kinds of limitations I face while preparing the report. . a. Dhaka lodge Limited DHAKA BANK LIMITED was in corporated as a public limited Compevery on 6th April 1995 under the comp either act. 1994 and started its commercial operation on June 05, 1995 as a private atomic build 18a bank. The bank started its journey with an authorized capital of Tk. 1,000. 00 one million million million and give up capital of Tk. snow. 00 million. The strength of a bank depends on its management team. The Employer in Dhaka coin bank is proud to have a team of highly motivated, well-educated and experienced executives who have been impart unattackablely in the continued progress of the bank.The marketing activities at the Dhaka Bank ar very implicit and vast comparing to that of other bank in the country today. The Philosophy of the bank is EXCELENCE IN BANKING. Dhaka Bank is continuously willing to offer refreshing product features to the client. Besides the applications of these products or run argon prep ared in a very modern way so that the service bottom be provided in least time required. The Credit facilities approved by Dhaka Bank are increasing day by day because of its well-organized and trained management and also well-equipped facilities.In recent time banking sector becomes very competitive and without giving good and attractive facilities and service no bank can stretch out in this time. Dhaka Bank is also trying to provide good service to keep exhalation with this competition. 2. b. Mission Statement To be the premier fiscal institution in the country providing high reference products & services backed by latest technology and a team of highly motivated forcefulness to deliver worth in Banking. 2. c. Vision Statement At Dhaka Bank, we draw our inspiration from the removed(p) stars.Our margin is commit to assure a standard that6 turns every banking transaction a pleasur subject experience. Our enterprise is to offer you razor sharp sparkle through accuracy, reli top executive, timely delivery, cutting edge technology, and tailored resolving for business needs, global reach in trade and commerce and high yield on your investments. Our people, products and processes are aligned to meet the demand of our discerning customers. Our goal is to achieve a distinction like the luminaries in the sky. Our prime objective is to deliver a quality that demonstrates a true reflection of our vision- Excellence in Banking. . d. Slogan Excellence in Banking. 2. e. club Philosophy The motto or the philosophy of the Bank is Excellence in Banking. Whether in Personal, Corpora te, Treasury or Trade transactions of Dhaka Bank Limited is committed to provide the best. Meeting the demand of the banks discerning customers is not the sole objective. The Bank determination to deliver a quality that makes every transaction a pleasurable experience. Dhaka Bank feels that, if they can meet maximum clientele requirements in less time with efficiency, then they will be able to accomplish a successful business in the world of banking.Their main objective is they want to provide every exclusive customer service for sale in todays banking procedure for their clientele. thereof they can guarantee the excellence in banking to their rich customers. 2. f. Comp all Activities and Performances Paid up Capital The paid up capital of Dhaka Bank Limited amounted to Tk. 1,547 million as on December 31, 2008 which was Tk. 100 million when the Bank started its operation. The total equity (capital and reserves) of the Bank as on December 31, 2008 stood at Tk. 3125 million. De posits A strong deposit base is critical for success of a bank.During the years the Bank has mobilized a substantial amount in deposits in transactional and savings tarradiddle. The deposit base of the bank continued to register a steady egress and stood at Tk. 48,731 million excluding call as of 31 December 2008 compared to Tk. 41,554 million of the anterior year registered a 17% modernizeth. Investment Dhaka Bank has diversified its investment portfolio through train Financing, Hire Purchase, and Capital Market Operations besides the investment in treasury bills and Prize Bonds. The strain on high quality investment has ensured the bank to maximize its profit.Dhaka Bank Limited is a piece of the Dhaka threadbare transfigure and Chittagong Stock Exchange. A specialized unit of the Bank, the Investment Division manages the Banks portfolio and actively participates in the screen-establish on-line trading of both the Stock Exchanges. Profit Dhaka Bank Limited registered an o perate profit of Tk. 2,010 million in 2008 compared to Tk. 1,183 million in 2007 making a growth of 70%. After all provisions including general provisions on unclassified brings, profit in the first place tax stood at Tk. 1,531 million. Provision for tax for the year 2008 amounted to Tk. 27 million. The terminate profit of the bank as on 31 December 2008 stood at Tk. 704 million compared to previous years Tk. 580 million making growth of 21%. Earning per share (EPS) was Tk. 46. 06 in 2007 compared to Tk. 45. 17 in 2007. Loans and Advances The Bank implemented the system of credit risk assessment and lending procedures by stricter separation of responsibilities between risk assessment, lending decisions and monitoring functions to break the quality and soundness of loan portfolio. The Bank recorded a 17 % growth in advances with a local loans and advances portfolio of Tk. 9,972 million at the end of December 2008 compared to Tk. 34049 million at the end of December 2007. As of 3 1 December 2008, 96. 85 % of the total Banks loan portfolio was regular while all 3. 15 % of the total portfolio was non-performing as compared to 1. 64 % of 2007. Bank made required provision as on 31 December against performing loans as per rate and classification norm provided by Bangladesh Bank (se note-2c). The record book of non-performing loans stood at Tk. 1,258 million in 2008 from Tk. 554 million in 2007. Of the total loan provision of Tk. 04 million, Tk. 465 million was general provision, which was 51 % of total provision. The rest Tk. 439 million was against the classified accounts. 1. Non-performing loan 2. Regular Loan A wide range of business industries and sectors constitutes the Banks advance portfolio. Major sectors where the Bank extended credit include steel and engineering, ship breaking, edible oil, sugar, housing and construction, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, electronic and automobiles, energy and power, service industries, trade finance, personal or consumer credit, leasing etc.The Bank continued to support Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) and expended credit facilities to them through its SME Cell. Sector wise assignation of advances reveals a well-diversified portfolio of the Bank with balance exposure in different sectors. High concentration sectors are material and garment industries with outstanding of Tk. 7,524 million, housing and construction with Tk. 4,093 million, food and allied industries with Tk. 2,949 million and engineering and metal including ship braking with Tk. 1,903 million as at 31 December 2008. node ServiceCustomer is in the core of everything a service-oriented comp any does. Accuracy, reliability, and timely delivery are the key elements of the Dhaka Banks service. Well-qualified and experienced officials always prepared to provide efficient, personalized and quality service man Dhaka Bank Limited. The banks prime objective is to provide high quality product and services to the customers. The bank also per forms according to the needs of its corporate clients and provides a comprehensive range of financial services to national and multinational companies. International Trade & unconnected ExchangeInternational trade constituted the major(ip) business activity conducted by the bank. Dhaka Bank offer a profuse range of trade finance services, namely, Issue, Advising and Confirmation of documentary Credits arranging forward Exchange cover Pre-shipment and post- shipment finance Negotiation and purchase of Export bill Discounting of bills of Exchange, Collection of bills etc. In the year 2008, Dhaka Bank Limited was active in extending services to their valued clients related with import business. As of 31st December 2008 the import volume was Tk. 49,496 million compared to the volume of 2006 for Tk. 6,277 million marking as increase of 7% from the last year. Dhaka Bank Limited experienced sound growth of exporting business in 2007 from 2006. The volume of export business rose to Tk. 31,081 million from Tk. 23,269 million in 2007 display an increase of 34%. Branches Dhaka Bank has aerofoiled already 41 ramifyes in different Cities, Places and areas in Dhaka and also in Chittagong, Sylhet, Narayangonj, Norshingdi and Savar. This shows the banks commitment to provide services to their valued customers through an extensive branch network at all commercially important places across the country.They also have planned to open more branches in the sort coming year. These branches are well decorated and well secured with the new technologies. humans Resources and Training The driving force behind Dhaka Bank has always its employees. The bank recognizes that professional ontogenesis of its people is vital to establishing workers as a provider of quality service. In this regard, the bank have expand its training facilities and set up a full-fledged training institute at SaraTower, Motijheel, Dhaka. Environmental focal point ProgramThe Banks Environmental Management P rogram stipulates adherence with environmental, health and safety regulations and guidelines, refraining from business that impairs the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, assessing an mitigating risks concerning environment, health and safety issues that the bank undertake. Community Service The Bank extends aid to socio-cultural and community development programs. During the years under canvas, the Bank had provided support to a number of community eudaemonia programs. At present Dhaka Bank assist the National Hokey Federation. Technologies, Products and ServicesDhaka Banks products and services are regularly upgraded and realigned to fulfil customer expectation. Their delivery standards are constantly monitored and improved to assure the highest satisfaction. The bank specially emphasizes on the service base on technologies. Because the life became very fast and people want take service within sort time. The consumer-banking sector of the Bank deals with num ber of tasks related to various services. The products that are recently being offered by the bank are as follows names Dhaka Bank provides the Savings Account Current Account Short barrier Deposit Fixed Deposit Receipt etc. or the customers. ATM (Automated Teller Machine) Dhaka Bank ATM Cards enable their valued customers to carry out a variety of banking transactions 24 hours a day. Credit Cards Dhaka Bank Credit Card has earned wide acceptability and re localizeation within a very short time. The Bank has developed the process such that it can deliver the Credit Card within only 7 days against security for unsecured peckers it takes only 10 days. Phone banking Dhaka Bank earpiece banking service allows customers to conduct a variety of transactions by simply making a anticipate from anywhere.Customers can inquire about the balance in their account, check transaction details or take for account statement by fax or e-mail. Locker By this facility customers can put their valu able things such as jewelry items, valuable papers etc. for the safety reason. Consumer Credit Dhaka Bank also provides consumer credit facilities with very attractive terms and conditions. industrial Loan Loans issued for acquire equipment, inventories, plants, payrolls etc. Any Branch Banking By this customers can transact from any branch insight the country.Utility Bill defrayment Customers can pay different utility bill such as phone bill, credit card bill etc. 3. a. Bank Banks are among the nearly important financial institutions in the economy. They are the formula source of credit (loanable fund) for millions of households (individuals and families) and for most local units of government. Moreover, for small businesses ranging from grocery stores to automobile dealers, banks are often the major source of credit to stock the shelves with merchandise or to fill a dealers showroom with new goods.When the business and consumers need financial information and financial plannin g, it is the bankers to whom they turn most frequently for advice and council. 3. b. Types of Bank Loans The banks make a wide variety of loans to a wide variety of customers for many different patterns-from purchasing automobiles and buying new furniture, winning dream vacations and pursuing college education to constructing homes and office buildings. Bank loans may be divided into the following broad categories of loans, delineated by their conclusion 1.Real Estate Loans, which are secured by real property-land, buildings, and other structures- and include short-term loans for construction and land development and acheer-term loans to finance the purchase of bring forthland, residential, and commercial structures etc. 2. pecuniary institution Loans, including credit to banks, restitution companies, finance companies, and other financial institutions. 3. Agricultural Loans, extended to farm and ranch operations to assist in planting and harvesting crops and to support the f eeding and trouble of livestock. 4.Commercial and Industrial Loans, give to business to cover such expenses as purchasing inventories, plant, and equipment, paying taxes, and meeting payrolls and other operating expenses. 5. Loans to Individuals, including credit to finance the purchase of automobiles, homes, appliances and other swop goods to repair and modernize homes, cover the comprise of health check care and other personal expenses, either extended directly to individuals or indirectly through retail dealers. 6. Lease Financing Receivables, where the bank buys equipment or vehicles and leases them to its customers.Among the categories, the largest volume is in the real estate loans. The next largest kinsfolk is commercial and industrial loans. 7. Asset- found Loans, loans secured by a business firms pluss, particularly accounts receivable and inventory. sequence Loans, credits that is repayable in two or more consecutive payments, ordinarily on a monthly or quarterly basis. 9. garner of credits, a legal notice in which a bank or other institution guarantees the credit of one of its customers who is borrowing from another institution. 0. Retail Credit, smaller-denomination loans extended to individuals and families as well as to small business. 11. border loans, credit extended for longer than one year and knowing to fund longer-term business investments, such as the purchase of equipment or the construction of new physical facility. Term Loans are designed to fund long-and medium-term business investments, such as the purchase of equipment or the construction of physical facilities, covering a period longer than one year.Usually the borrowing firm applies for a lump-sum loan based on the budgeted cost of its proposed project and then pledges to repay the loan in a series of installment. 12. working(a) Capital loan, provide businesses with short-run credit, lasting from a few days to about one year. workings Capital Loans are most often use d to fund the purchase of inventories in prescribe to put goods on shelves or to purchase raw materials thus, they come closest to the traditional self-liquidating loan described above.Frequently the working Capital Loan is designed to cover seasonal peaks in the business customers turnout levels and credit needs. 3. c. Credit Analysis The division of the bank responsible for analyzing and making recommendations on the fate of most loan applications is the credit department. This department must satisfactorily answer three major questions regarding each loan applicat 1. Is the Borrower Creditworthy and how know that? The question must be dealt with in the lead any other is whether or not the customer can service the loan- that is, pay out the credit when due, with a comfortable margin for error.This usually involves a detailed study of six aspects of the loan application Character well defined purpose for loan request and a serious intention to repay), Capacity proper autho rity to request for the loan and legal standing to sign a loan system), Cash ability to generate enough silver, in the form of cash light), Collateral enough quality assets to provide adequate support for the loan), Conditions aware borrowers line of work and also economic conditions), and Control All must be satisfactory for the loan to be a good ne from the lenders point of view. 2. Can the loan agreement be properly structured and documented so that the bank and depositors are adequately protected and the customer has a high probability of being able to service the loan without excessive strain? The loan officer is responsible to both the customer and the Banks depositors and stockholders must seek to satisfy the demands off all. This requires, first, the drafting of a loan agreement that meets the borrowers need for funds with a comfortable refund schedule.The borrower must be able to comfortably handle any required loan payments, because the banks success depends fu ndamentally on the success of its customers. If a major borrower gets into trouble because it is unable to service a loan, the bank may find itself in serious trouble as well. So, the banks loan officer must be a financial counselor to customers as well as a conduit for their loan applicants. 3. Can the bank perfect its claim against the assets or earnings of the customer so that, in the event of default, bank funds can be recovered rapidly at low cost and with low risk?While large corporations and other borrowers with impeccable credit ratings often borrow unsecured, with no specific collateral pledged behind their loans except their reputation and ability to generate earnings, most borrowers at one time or another will be asked to pledge some their assets or to personally guarantee the repayment of their loans. Getting a pledge of certain borrower assets as collateral behind a loan really serves two purposes for a lender.If the borrower cannot pay, the pledge of collateral gives the lender the right to seize and sell those assets designated as loan collateral, using the proceeds of the sale to cover what the borrower did not pay back. Secondly, collateralization of a loan gives the lender a psychological advantage over the borrower. Because specific assets may be at the take chances a borrower feels more obligated to work hard to repay his or her loan and avoid losing valuable assets. The most popular assets pledged as collateral for bank loans are- Accounts Receivable, Factoring, Inventory, Real Property, Personal Property, Personal stop up etc. . d. Loan Review Banks today use a variety of different loan analyze procedures nearly all banks follow a few general principles. These include 1) Carrying out reviews of all types of loans on a periodic basis- for example, every 30, 60, or 90 days the largest loans outstanding may be routinely examined, along with a random sample of smaller loans. 2) Structuring the loan review process carefully to make sure th e most important features of each loan are checked. ) Reviewing most frequently the largest loans, because default in these credit agreements could seriously affect the banks own financial conditions. 4) Conducting more frequent reviews of profligate loans, with the frequency of review increasing as the problems surrounding any particular loan increase. 5) Accelerating the loan review schedule if the economy slows down or if the industries in which the bank has made a substantial character of its loans develop significant problems. 3. e. Handling Problem LoansInevitably, despite the safeguards most banks build in their lending programs, some loans on a banks books will become problem loans. Usually this means the borrower has preoccupied one or more promised payments or the collateral pledged behind a loan has declined significantly in value. The process of recovering the banks funds from a problem loan situation- suggests the following key steps 1) Always keeps the goal of loan workouts firmly in mind to maximize the banks chances for the full recovery of its funds. ) The rapid detection and reporting of any problems with a loan are essential time lag often worsens a problem loan situation. 3) Keep the loan workout righteousness separate from the lending function to avoid possible conflicts of interest for the loan offers. 4) Estimate what resources are available to collect the troubled loan. 5) Loan workout personnel should conduct a tax and litigation appear to see if the borrower has other unpaid obligations and many other processes. CREDIT MANAGEMENT POLICY & PROCEDURESIntroduction In general, a banking system aggregates a high number of low value deposits to fund enterprises with a smaller number of high value loans. This intermediation through a well functioning bank helps to achieve some economic benefits for the depositors, the borrowers and above all the economy in the following ways The depositors Higher return put down risk Greater liqu idity The borrowers Availability of fund for all credit worthy borrowers Thus allows to enterprises grow and expand The economy Economic growth is maximized as the banks channels the countrys scare financial resources into those financial opportunities with maximum return Thus profitable enterprises receive funding, grow and expand. Loss making enterprises are refused funding and allowed to go out of the business thus saving the economy from drainage of resources. The bank must allocate loans effectively for achieving these broad objectives of the economy and the pre-requisites are Banks are able to identify reliably those enterprises that can repay their loans. Banks allows loans to those enterprises likely to yield high return and deny loan to those likely to yield low or negative returns. While identifying profitable enterprises, the bank in fact identifies risks of the borrower and business in order to allow loan in the context of its risk return profile. Credit risk ma nagement (CRM) is a dynamic process, which enables banks to proactively manage loan portfolios. Four major areas of CRM are Policy lending guidelines Procedure evaluating viability and abetter _or_ abettor risks of business enterprises. Organizational structure segregation of risk taking and risk approving authority right decision making and accountability A clear understanding of the four areas are crucial for maximising banks earning by carefully evaluating credit risks and attempting to minimize those risks. 4. a. Policy objectives 1) Maximize Banks earning from loan portfolio 2) Improve quality of loan portfolio to maximize earnings by a) To keep non-performing assets below 10% b) Arresting new loans to become classified. ) Utmost emphasis on loan pass is to be presumption in order to improve quality of the loan portfolio. Credit facilities are to be considered solely on viability of business / enterprises / project / undertaking having adequate cash flows to adjust the loans, and management capacity of the borrower to run the business profitably. 4) Evaluate credit risks before muging, which may hamper generation of the projected cash flows of the borrower and might delay or hinder repayment of banks loan. ) Monitoring continuously performances of the financed projects / business / enterprises will be banks main trust for ensuring repayment of the loan, and receiving early warning (EL) for taking timely corrective measures. 6) Price the loans on the basis of loan pricing module of the bank focusing on risk rating of the borrower. 7) Strict adherence to Bangladesh Banks policy guidelines 4. b. Lending guidelines As the very purpose banks credit strategy is to determine the risk appetite of the bank, so banks focus should be to maintain a credit portfolio to keeping in mind of our risk sorb capacity.Thus its strategy will be invigoration loan processing steps including identifying, measuring, containing risks as well as maintaining a balance portfolio through minimizing loan concentration, encouraging loan diversification, expanding product range, streamlining security, insurance etc. as buffer against unexpected cash flow. Types of credit facilities Bank will go for Term financing for new project and BRME of existing projects (Large, Medium, SE) Working capital for industries, trading, services and others (Large, Medium, SE) Import and export pay Lease Finance Consumer Finance Fee Business Islamic mode of finance Single borrower/ Group limits / Large Loans / Syndication The limit for single client / group under one obligor concept will be as under 1. The total credit facilities by a bank to any single person or enterprise or organization of a group shall not any point of time exceed 35% of the banks total capital subject to the condition that the maximum outstanding against fund based financing facilities (fund facilities) shall not exceed 15% of the total capital. 2. Non-funded credit facilities, e. g. etter of credit, guarantee etc. can be extended to a single large borrower. But under no circumstances, the total amount of the funded and non-funded credit facilities shall exceed 35% of banks total capital 3. However, in case of export sector, single borrower limit shall be 50% of the banks total capital. But funded facilities in the form of export credit shall not 15% of the total capital Large loan 1. Loan sanctioned to any individual or enterprise or any organization of a group amounting to 10% or more of banks total capital shall be considered as large loan. 2.The bank shall be able to sanction large loans as per the following limits set against their respective classified loans Rate of net classified loans The highest rate fixed for large loans against banks total loans & advances Up to 5% 56% More than 5% but up to 10% 52% More than 10% but up to 15% 48% More than 15% but up to 20% 44% More than 20% 40% 3. In order to determine the above maximum ceiling for large loan s, all on-funded credit facilities e. g. letter of credit, guarantee etc. shall also be considered to arrive 50% credit equivalent. However the wide amount of non-funded credit facilities shall be included while determining the total credit facilities provided to an individual or an enterprise or an organization or a group. 4. A Public Limited Company, which has 50% or more public share holdings, shall not be considered as an enterprise / organization of any group. 5. In case of credit facilities provided against government guarantees, the aforementioned restrictions shall not apply 6. In the case of loans backed by cash and excusable securities (e. g.FDR), the actual lending facilities shall be determined by deducting the amount of such securities from the outstanding balance of the loans. 7. Banks shall collect the information to the borrowers from Credit Information Bureau (CIB) of Bangladesh Bank before sanctioning, renewing or rescheduling loans to ensure that credit facilitie s are not provided to defaulters. 8. Banks shall perform Lending Risk Analysis (LRA) before sanctioning or renewing large loans. If the rating of an LRA turns to be marginal, a bank shall not sanction large loan, but it can consider renewal of an existing large loan taking into account other favorable conditions and factors. However, if the result of an LRA is unsatisfactory, neither sanction nor renewal of large loans shall be considered. 9.While sanctioning or renewing large loan, a bank shall assess borrowers overall debt repayment capacity taking into consideration the borrowers liabilities with other banks and financial institutions. 10. A bank shall examine its borrowers Cash flow Statement, Audited Balance Sheet, income Statement and other financial statement to make sure that the borrower has the ability to repay the loan. Term Financing and Syndication Like large volume of loan, long term financing is one of the riskiest areas of the bank because of long duration of repayme nt. Long duration casts uncertainties on repayment as variable with which financial and other projections are made very widely in a dynamic global economic scenario.Thus utmost care is to be exercised while considering long term financing Long term relationship with the borrower is prerequisite for considering term financing Due diligence is to be exercised for accessing viability of the projects in terms of Management ability, Market gap, Technical suitability, Financial viability. Information on projects should be adequate and reliable Minimum information for project viability analysis is to be given. Syndication Syndication means joint financing by more than one bank to the same clients against a common security basically, to spread the risk. It also provides a scope for an independent evaluation of risk and focused monitoring by the agent / lead bank.In syndication financing banks also enter into an agreement that one of the lenders may act as Lead Bank, who has to co-ordin ate the activities at various stages of handling the proposal i. e. appraisal, sanction, documentation sharing of the security, disbursement, inspection, follow up, recovery etc. it may also call meetings of syndication members, whenever necessary to finalize any decision reject business types In the context of present economic situation vis-a-vis government policy as well as market scenario, the following industries and lending activities are considered as discouraged Military Equipment / weapon Finance Highly leveraged Transactions Finance of speculative business Logging, Mineral Extraction/ Mining or other activity that is ethically or environmentally sensitive Lending to companies adverted on CIB black list or known defaulters Counter parties in countries subject to UN sanctions Share lending Taking an equity support in borrowers Lending to holding companies Bridge loans relying on equity / debt issuance as a source of repayment Loan facility parameters Size Funded maximum 15% of Banks total capital Funded + Non Funded 1) Shall not exceed 35% of banks total capital 2) uttermost 50% of Banks total capital for export sector. (Funded facility shall also not exceed 15% of banks total capital). Tenor Short term Maximum 12 months Medium Term Maximum 5 years Long Term Maximum 15 yearsMargin To be determined by Banker Customer relationship and nature of business. Security Return of Banks funding to any business is ensured primarily on the cash flow of the business. A smooth flow of cash in the business requires efficient management competence in conducting the business in a given market. However as the market never remain stable owing to various uncontrollable factors, the continuity of well-managed business cash flow is difficult to visualise in the long run. As such to ensure realization of Banks finance in case of any eventuality, other adequate security coverage deemed necessary with a view to protects interest of the bank. General Covenant s Bank shall not extend any credit facility to any defaulter as defined in the bank company act 1991(clean CIB report required. ) The borrower shall have valid Trade license, In case of coalition firm there must be a partnership deed duly notarized / registered. Limited Company must be registered with the Registrar of Joint Stock Company. Directors and other loans will be subordinated to Dhaka Banks loan. Directors loan (if any) will be interest free and no dividend will be declared/paid before full adjustment of Term Loan of Dhaka Bank. The borrower shall submit annual audited/un-audited/projected financial statements regularly where applicable. The borrower shall maintain current ratio of not less than 1. 5 times.. The borrower shall obtain and maintain in full force and effect all Government of Bangladesh (GOB) authorizations, licenses and permits required to implement and operate Borrowers business. The borrower shall maintain all insurance as detailed in Loan Documents. The borrower shall maintain satisfactory swing/turnover of the limit in case of continuous loans/advance. The borrower shall pay all fees , duties , taxes etc, that are due to the Government of Bangladesh (except where waivers or deferrals have been granted by Government of Bangladesh) when due. The borrower shall not create any charge, mortgage or any encumbrances of any other security interest over any of its assets without the prior written consent of the Bank. The borrower shall not avail any credit facility from other source without the prior written consent of the bank. The borrower shall not make any amendment/alteration in the Companys Memorandum & Articles of Association without obtaining prior approval of Dhaka Bank Ltd in writing. The borrower shall not furnish any corporate guarantee to other firm/company without Banks permission. Events of failure Bank will have the right to call back the Loan/Advance in the event of default under the following circumstances Fai lure to repay Breach of Covenants of the loan agreement. Bankruptcy or liquidation or insolvency event affecting the Borrower. Occurrence of a material adverse change in the financial position of the Borrower. Any change in GOB directives, which in the opinion of the Lenders would prejudice the Borrowers ability to meet the financial obligations in respect of this facility, Any security interest over any asset of the Borrower becomes enforceable or any execution or distress is levied against or any person is authorise to or does take possession of the whole or any part of the assets or undertakings. Facility refreshful Charge Documents %3 L/C LTR BG TL CC Hypo/CC Pledge (Key Stock to Bank) 1. Promissory raze1. Promissory Note 1. Promissory Note 1. Promissory Note 1. Promissory Note 2. Letter of 2. Letter of Undertaking 2. Letter of Undertaking 2. Letter of Undertaking 2.Letter of Undertaking Undertaking 3. A/C Balance 3. A/C Balance tick 3. A/C Balance hinderan ce 3. A/C Balance confirmation 3. A/C Balance confirmation Slip confirmation Slip Slip Slip Slip 4. Letter of 4. Letter of Continuity 4. Letter of Continuity 4. Letter of Continuity 4. Letter of Continuity Continuity