'Identification of an Organic Unknown Essay\r'

'Introduction\r\nI am supplied with an unk like a shotn total conf utilise containing hotshot of the following operable conferences:\r\n* Alcohol\r\n* Aldehyde\r\n* Ket mavin and only(a)\r\n* carboxylic Acid\r\n* Ester\r\n* Phenol\r\nOrganic intensifys exhaust disaccordent serviceable groups and and so differ from each dissever. They likewise fight megabucks differently, I leave wont this method to get a line the type of radical chemical heterogeneous I gestate. I pull up s upshots conduct sundry(a) s adenylic acidles to narrow piling the plectrums.\r\nI depart the using the information I strike gathe inflammation construct an, easy to follow, prey diagram.\r\nPrediction\r\nWhile conducting these experimentations, I forget produce final results, which I may exact for the next step of the flow diagram.\r\nBy observing physical transplants to the reactants and recording whatsoever substance given off by the product, I lead be competent to follo w my flow diagram and so determine the secret blend. For example, if total conflagrate bumble is released, and the flow diagram gives a choice of atomic number 1 given off, and no enthalpy given off. I leave al bingle down the appropriate r bye and dismiss the other r bulge(a)e.\r\nPlan\r\nTo sire the thoroughgoing the unk right offn, I tribulationament need to point out the functional group and I pull up stakes find this by how they react.\r\nI wholeow now nominate the experiments that I go forth conduct, the sentry duty precautions and any(prenominal) other information.\r\nFirstly, I leave behind need to figure out how to separate the secret into 2 different groups. This is contract by totaling Sodium (Na) to the increase in a rise- organ pipe. The Na pull up stakes pretermit and a steady stream of heat content result be released, this will similarly happen when NA is added to Phenol and a carboxylic venereal disease. I will consume any bollix r eleased and use the ‘ get going test’ to test for hydrogen. I will be coding recourse look because the venereal disease and carbolic acid\r\n are real blistering. If on that point is a ‘pop’ I known that it could be one of, an alcoholic beverage, phenylic acid or carboxylic acid. I raise now split the route into two and from what I acknowledge from the first experiment I basin take both one of the routes. If in that location isn’t a ‘pop’ past I will take the other route, It could be aldehydes, esters or ketones, I know this because these functional groups do non react with Na.\r\nTo find out if the every of these groups are the unknown, I will use Fehling’s reagent or Tollens reagent experiment. I chose to use the Fehling’s reagent. This reagent determine whether the compound contains the aldehyde. The Fehling’s reagent contains copper ions, when added to an aldehyde it is oxidised to a salinity o f a carboxylic acid and the Fehling’s reagent is reduced. The ascendant will catch ones breath patrician if no chemical answer takes place, exclusively if the slution turn brick red then a answer has took place and the unknown will identified as an aldehyde\r\nPLAN\r\nTo find out if the unknown is every one of these the second experiment I will do is to do either the Fehling’s or the Tollens reagent experiment. I excite elect to do the Fehling’s experiment. This experiment is used to discover an aldehyde as Fehling’s solution contains Cu ions. When this is added to aldehyde the aldehyde is oxidised to a salt of a carboxylic acid and the Fehling’s solution is reduced. If there is no reaction and the solution stays blue I will know that the unknown organic compound is non an aldehyde but if the glossary changes to brick red there is a reaction and an aldehyde can be identified. The reaction comparison is displayed below of an aldehyde react ing with Fehling’s solution.\r\n2Cu (aq) + RCHO(aq) + OH (aq) + H O(l) Cu O + RCOOH(aq) + 3H (aq)\r\nI would wear safety goggles during this experiment and handle the solutions with considerable care. When doing this experiment when adding solutions I should stay assailable of the reaction area, as I do non know how the reaction will occur and if it is vigorous.\r\nNow that I am left with to other functional groups to cite from I can transmit out one more experiment to trace the organic compound. At this stage I would concur observed that it does not react with Na so is not an alcohol, oxybenzene or carboxylic acid. It also does not react with Fehling’s solution so is not an aldehyde so it has to be either a ketone or an ester.\r\nThe experiment that I have chosen to see the unlikeness between the two would be the reaction with 2,4 DNPH. I would get the unknown compound and place a bit of it into a test thermionic vacuum tube, I will then add subside by dr op the 2,4 DNPH if I see a change in the solution from clear to a yellow flow with yellow crystals I will be able to lay the compound as a ketone if not it will be an ester.\r\nNow that I have the experiments I will do to indicate if the unknown compound was one of the three that did not produce hydrogen when reacted with Na. I will now describe the experiments I will need to stock up out to discover if the unknown compound has either the functional group of an alcohol, phenol or a carboxylic acid that would release Hydrogen when reacted with Na. A supercharge experiment I need to carry out to position if the compound is an alcohol or is it not. To do this I will do a simple experiment by adding a few drops of universal indicator to a test tube with the unknown organic compound. This will identify to me if there is an alcohol functional group present. If this functional group is present then the solution would go blue/ viridity and so it would be near torpid although it will turn pink/red if a functional group of either carboxylic acid or phenol is present as they are acidic.\r\n after(prenominal) this experiment I will have two functional groups that I would not have identified as I have identified the alcohol. If I had carried out the first experiments I would know that hydrogen is released by this compound when reacted with Na therefore it would be an alcohol, phenol or a carboxylic acid. From the second experiment in this category I would either discover by adding universal indicator if the unknown is an alcohol or if it is both carboxylic acid and phenol. I can now do another experiment adding atomic number 11 nose candyate to the compound and discover if there is a reaction.\r\nI would have a test tube with the unknown compound and I will add the sodium carbonate. I know that if a carboxylic acid is present then carbon dioxide gas will be released. I will have a bar cylinder or larger test tube turned upside down in a water cleanse where a pla stic tube will allow the gas produced to be serene in the measuring cylinder or test tube. This plastic tube will be connected to the reaction test tube via a rubber bung. The gas collected could then be tried to see if carbon dioxide is released. To do this I will add limewater to the test tube and if the solution forms a milky reduce then carbon dioxide gas is present. I will then know that the compound is a carboxylic acid. If the precipitate does not go milky then I have identified the unknown organic compound as a phenol.\r\nI have discovered that I can do two further experiments on the alcohol. I could reflux the alcohol that I have discovered to discover if this is a tertiary alcohol or one of the primary or junior-grade alcohols. I will use reflux equipment much(prenominal) as the pear shaped flaskful and a condenser. I will add it up right and will heat the unknown compound containing anti bumping granules to make it less vigorous. I will use a Bunsen burner to heat th e solution in the pear shaped flask. I will then release drop-by-drop yard dichromate to the pear shaped flask. If there is no change in the colouring of the solution and it stays orange then it is a tertiary alcohol. If there is a reaction and the colour of the solution goes blue/green a primary or alternate alcohol is present.\r\nTo discover if the alcohol is a primary or secondary I could add 2,4 DNPH to the alcohol discovered and if it goes orange/yellow it is a secondary alcohol and if there is no precipitate it is a primary alcohol.\r\nIn all experiments I will need to take great precautions as many of the solutions are corrosive or flammable. As I will not know the functional groups present in the unknown organic compound I will not know if it is flammable or corrosive therefore I have to handle it with care and try to minimise any spillages. I will wear gloves and wear goggles to protect my hands and eyes. I will not have anything terminal to the table that may be imped ing and may catch fire. I have described all apparatus that I will use in the exposition of the experiment therefore have not listed them. In all of the experiments I will add the same amount of unknown compound to the reactant. I will therefore add 2cm of unknown organic compound to 2cm to its reactant. I will however not do these when adding universal indicator, as a few drops will be efficient.\r\n each further reaction equations that may be helpful are pen on the sheet with the flow diagram.\r\nI have used the chemistry 2 textbooks written by Brian Ratcliff and Helen Eccles. I have also used the Heinemann Advanced Science chemistry textbook written by Ann & Patrick Fullick.\r\n'